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Apple can compile your app to be optimized for target devices and operating system versions.

Apple’s introduction of Bitcode is a great example: Many improvements here are strictly win-win. Anything they can do to reduce this number equates to less time and money spent on their end and less bandwidth required on downloads for users.

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How This Fits into Apple’s Grand PlanĪpple receives, hosts, processes, and sends all the code that users ultimately download from the App Store. With lipo, you were forced to limit your framework to only contain unique architectures regardless of the number of platforms you wanted to support. For vendors, it also means you can distribute a single XCFramework containing all your target platforms. This division into individual frameworks means you no longer have to spend time merging and then stripping platform binaries when linking. Each of these folders is its own framework, complete with headers, modules, and binary. Your top-level XCFramework folder would then have folders like ios-arm64, ios-arm64-simulator, etc. Instead, you build one small framework for each combination of architecture and target and store it in its own folder. In XCFramework, you no longer build a single framework with multiple architectures. XCFramework is Apple’s answer to the puzzle described above.

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The binary framework contains different code for the same architecture in multiple places, and Xcode doesn’t know how to handle it. The previous way to link binary frameworks, lipo, is unable to deal with a merged binary containing multiple binaries that share the same architecture.

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The iOS Simulator has different rules than the iPhone, and you cannot run a binary built for one on the other. They have the same architecture name, but the code for each target is very different. Now, however, the corresponding binary file would have slices like the following: In other words, since the architectures for iPhones did not overlap with the architecture for Macs, the linker would never get tripped up over which binary to use for a given target. Since the three languages are all separate, it was easy to have different rules for simulator versus device. The linker would pick one of the architectures to use at build time depending on the hardware destination. Historically, that would mean a single binary file had slices like the following: These frameworks were shipped as “fat” frameworks, meaning a vendor would build a single framework that contained all the required architectures. The problem stems from the previous way of linking binary frameworks. This all sounds great, so what is the problem with having Macs and iPhones share the same CPU architecture?

For users, they are able to use any iPhone app on their Mac.Īdditionally, there are significant performance and power efficiency improvements in M1 compared to any existing architectures.

They can address an entire new market without doing any work.

For developers, their iOS apps can now run on Macs with very few changes.

This allows Apple’s teams to share code and test coverage.

For Apple, they can build and test one file system module, one UIKit module, etc., and they will run on both iPhone and Macs.The biggest benefit is the ability to have cross-platform codebases. This consolidation into one CPU architecture brings many amazing benefits for Apple and their users. Newer iPhones also use the arm64 architecture, and this is not a coincidence. Traditionally, Macs had CPUs that used x86-64. In November 2020, Apple started releasing Macs with a new class of hardware called the M1, which is a CPU that uses the arm64 architecture. How Apple’s new Hardware Created This Problem Troubleshooting steps for Xcode 12 and XCFrameworks.How Apple’s new hardware created this problem.In this post, we’ll cover the following topics: That is no longer the case, and the writing is on the wall for the old way of distributing binaries. Previously, in Xcode 11, you would get compiler warnings, but your build would still work. This policy decision introduced a side effect of breaking functionality in binary distribution in Xcode 12. The reason for this error stems from Apple’s introduction of M1 chips in the latest Macs.

Does this Xcode error look familiar?īuilding for iOS Simulator, but the linked and embedded framework 'amework' was built for iOS + iOS Simulator. Recently, mobile developers have struggled when integrating binary frameworks in their iOS apps.

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